standard error, C shell

from http://www.faqs.org/faqs/unix-faq/faq/part2/section-9.html

How do I redirect stdout and stderr separately in csh?

      In csh, you can redirect stdout with ">", or stdout and stderr
      together with ">&" but there is no direct way to redirect stderr
      only.  The best you can do is

        ( command >stdout_file ) >&stderr_file

atime, mtime, ctime

  • atime: last read
  • mtime: content change time
  • ctime: inode change time

“ctime is not content change”

Unix keeps 3 timestamps for each file: mtime, ctime, and atime. Most people seem to understand atime (access time), it is when the file was last read. There does seem to be some confusion between mtime and ctime though. ctime is the inode change time while mtime is the file modification time. “Change” and “modification” are pretty much synonymous. There is no clue to be had by pondering those words. Instead you need to focus on what is being changed. mtime changes when you write to the file. It is the age of the data in the file. Whenever mtime changes, so does ctime. But ctime changes a few extra times. For example, it will change if you change the owner or the permissions on the file.

From http://www.unix.com/tips-tutorials/20526-mtime-ctime-atime.html